The Effect of drug on the Treatment of Purulent Inflammatory Processes in the Joints of Horses Legs

Keywords: purulent synovitis, capsular phlegmon, purulent arthritis, thrombocyte autoplasma, enrofloxacin, chondrolon, levomecol, "Miosta H®".

Relevance of the Topic

Horses participating in sports competitions and Kupkari most frequently suffer from joint pathologies in late autumn, winter, and spring. According to data obtained from farms in the republic, out of 295 examined horses, 51 (17.3%) were found to have various aseptic joint inflammations, including acute synovitis in 11 animals, chronic synovitis in 18, and periarticular fibrosis in 22. The primary cause of joint injuries in horses participating in Kupkari is the high load on their limbs. [5,6,7].

Various injuries and repeated joint damage lead to chronic periarticular fibrosis, accompanied by joint deformation, enlargement of the fibrous capsule, thickening of the ligaments, decreased elasticity, and severe pain during movement. The hoof, carpal, and hock joints are most frequently affected.

Inflammatory processes in the joints are accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness, localized temperature increase, and impaired limb function. Vascular hyperemia and increased permeability are also observed.

The penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into an open joint wound promotes their proliferation, leading to soft tissue destruction, accumulation of purulent-serous exudate, and irritation of the nerve receptors in the vascular wall. As a result, edema forms. [8].

Treatment Methods

In addition to autologous blood therapy, various blood fractions are used for treatment: formed erythrocyte elements [3], leukocyte plasma [2], and platelet-rich plasma, which is used for therapeutic purposes. Platelet-rich plasma is obtained by double centrifugation, followed by the addition of activating substances such as calcium chloride and incubation at a temperature of 1,000,000/ml. According to some data, this indicator ranges from 970-1574 min/ml [4].

V.V. Annikov and co-authors [1] successfully applied platelet-rich plasma in treating aseptic osteoarthritis in dogs, achieving positive results.

Research Objective

Given the above, the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the “Miosta H®” drug, produced in our country, in treating purulent inflammatory processes of the limb joints in sports and domestic horses.

Research Object and Methods

The studies were conducted on horses belonging to individuals and horse-breeding farms in the Jizzakh, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Bukhara, and Samarkand regions of the republic. Experimental work was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics.

Horses with purulent joint inflammation were selected for the study. Veterinary clinical examination included visual inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, passive and rotational movements, and cognitive tests. The experiment involved six horses, which were divided into two groups of three: a control and an experimental group.

In the second (control) group, treatment was carried out using standard methods:

• Surgical joint treatment, local anesthesia, and infiltration anesthesia with 1% novocaine (15-20 ml).

• Wound cleaning and removal of non-viable tissues.

• Washing with 3% H₂O₂, administration of 10% enrofloxacin (0.4 ml intramuscularly), thrombocyte autoplasma (4 ml) once every 3 days, chondrolon (4 ml intra-articularly), and levomecol into the wound cavity.

In the first (experimental) group, “Miosta H®” was additionally applied at a dosage of 1% 4 ml after acrillin treatment, then 5 ml intramuscularly twice at 10-day intervals.

Research Results

In the control group, there was a reduction in joint swelling and local temperature after treatment, but the healing process was prolonged.

By Day 5, the horses exhibited purulent discharge from the joint, decreased appetite, increased body temperature, stiffness of movement, and reliance on the tip of the hoof.

By Day 7, purulent discharge ceased, temperature normalized, but lameness persisted.

By Day 12, inflammation subsided, swelling decreased, tissue elasticity partially recovered, and the skin around the joint slightly reduced in size.

By Day 15, tissue regeneration was observed, pathological changes diminished, and joint elasticity was restored.

By Day 18, almost no inflammatory symptoms remained in the experimental horses, and small scars had formed.

Conclusion

1. Treatment of purulent inflammatory joint diseases in horses through surgical intervention, washing with H₂O₂, administration of 10% enrofloxacin, thrombocyte autoplasma, chondrolon, and levomecol facilitated recovery by Day 20-21. Lameness disappeared, swelling decreased, and body temperature normalized.

2. The application of “Miosta H®” contributed to earlier wound healing and the formation of a protective scab by Day 18-19, ensuring better tissue regeneration and faster restoration of joint function.

References

1. Annikov V.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of PRP technology for the treatment of animals with aseptic osteoarthritis / V.V. Annikov, Yu.V. Pigareva, A.S. Ryzhkov, V. Annikov // Agrarian Scientific Journal. – 2013. – №3. – P.3-6.

2. Vinkhodov, V. V. Leukocyte plasma. Preparation and application in synovitis: author’s abstract. … Doctor of Veterinary Sciences / V. V. Vinkhodov. – Kharkov, 1972. – 53 p.

3. Grachev, A. E. The effect of cryopreserved erythrocytes’ storage duration on the quality and effectiveness of transfusions: author’s abstract. … Candidate of Medical Sciences: 14.01.21 / Grachev A.E. – Moscow, 2013. – 25 p.

4. Nakhaetyan, T. G. Experimental-morphological and clinical justification for the use of platelet-rich autoplasma in surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: author’s abstract. … Candidate of Medical Sciences / T. G. Nakhaetyan. – Moscow, 2013. – 22 p.