Effect of on the drug bolic State of Cattle in the Conditions of the Pre-Aral Region

Relevance of the Topic

One of the main obstacles to implementing the tasks outlined in various regulatory documents aimed at improving the quality of life of the Republic’s population by comprehensively developing animal husbandry and ensuring the epizootic situation in veterinary medicine is animal diseases in pedigree livestock, which are directly related to the geo-ecological and endemic external environmental conditions.

Our research has shown that in some farms with relatively low levels of livestock management culture in the conditions of Karakalpakstan, metabolic disorders affect an average of 50-70% of dairy cows. This, in turn, leads to a sharp decrease in body weight and milk productivity of cows, deterioration in reproductive indicators, lower viability of young animals, and an increase in cases of forced slaughter. All of these factors cause significant economic damage to the Republic’s farms, highlighting the need to develop a set of measures that include early diagnosis, modern therapy, and effective group prevention of this pathology.

Materials and Methods of Research

The experiments were conducted in 2023-2024 on Holstein cows at the “Seyit Sharau” farm in the Takhtakupyr district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Dispensary examination determined the metabolic state and revealed a disruption of vitamin-mineral metabolism.

For preventive purposes, the veterinary drug “Miosta H®” was used. According to the instructions for use, “Miosta H®”, suspension for injection, volume 10 ml, batch MIO0003 MU, registration number №001133-22, manufactured on 25.08.2022, expiration date 24.08.2024.

Six Holstein black-and-white cows were selected for the experiment. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2.5 ml on both sides of the neck (right and left).

Clinical Research, Morphological and Biochemical Blood Analysis, Productivity Indicators

The results of the study and their discussion showed that in the Pre-Aral conditions, one of the most common diseases in pedigree cows is a severe metabolic disorder characterized by microelement deficiency and hepatosis.

The main etiological factors of this disease include not only low nutritional value of the feed but also high soil salinity, low levels of essential microelements such as manganese, zinc, and cobalt, and high chloride content in the feed.

Clinical Symptoms:

• Loss of appetite in 5-27.5% of cases (some exhibited prolonged chewing and tongue protrusion).

• Hypotonia and atony of the fore-stomachs in 19.0-33.5% of cases.

• Diarrhea in 36.2-88.8% of cases.

• Rough and less elastic skin in 15.0-42.3% of cases.

• Jaundice and anemia of the mucous membranes in 13.7-22.0% of cases.

• Increased pulse in 19.3-44.0% of cases.

• Increased respiration rate in 17.0-52.2% of cases.

• Liver enlargement in 12.0-30.2% of cases.

• Liver tenderness in 19.0-36.2% of cases.

• Hoof diseases such as laminitis and pododermatitis in 17.0-25.0% of cases.

Blood analysis showed a decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus levels, along with an increase in bilirubin fractions and AlAT and AsAT enzyme activity.

Effectiveness of the Drug and Results

The use of the veterinary drug “Miosta H®” led to a significant improvement in clinical and physiological conditions, increased productivity, normalization of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as strengthening of the musculoskeletal and locomotor systems.

The blood test dynamics are presented in Table 1.

According to Table 1, the use of “Miosta H®” led to an increase in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, total protein, and glucose levels, a decrease in cholesterol levels, and stabilization of the hematocrit, indicating normalization of metabolic processes in the body.

The milk productivity dynamics are presented in Table 2.

Conclusion

The use of the veterinary drug “Miosta H®” for 30 days in cases of vitamin-mineral (calcium-phosphorus and D-vitamin metabolism) and microelement metabolism disorders associated with hepatosis:

• Improved clinical and physiological condition.

• Normalized metabolic processes.

• Increased milk productivity by an average of 10-20%.